Figure 4.

E3 Ub-ligating and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) involved in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α stability and signaling. DUBs and E3 Ub ligases involved in the oxygen-dependent regulation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α degradation are depicted in red. DUBs and ubiquitin E3 ligases involved in oxygen-independent regulation of HIF degradation are depicted in black. DUBs involved in the regulation of HIF mRNA stability and/or expression are depicted in blue. Non-enzymatic and/or indirect regulations are indicated in italics.