Table 3.
The effects of endophytic Beauveria bassiana isolates (BB Fafu-13 and BB Fafu-16) on the development of three successive generations of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) assessed at different days (7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 days) post exposure to endophyte-challenged Citrus limon seedlings.
| Days Post Exposure | Treatments | Number of D. citri Nymphs and Adults | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Generation Psyllids | 2nd Generation Psyllids | 3rd Generation Psyllids | |||||
| Nymphs | Adults | Nymphs | Adults | Nymphs | Adults | ||
| 7 days | Control | 5.2 ± 1.4a | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 4.4 ± 0.9a | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 5.2 ± 1.3a | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
| BB Fafu-13 | 1.0 ± 0.6b | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.4b | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.6 ± 0.6b | 0.0 ± 0.0 | |
| BB Fafu-16 | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.5b | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.4 ± 0.4b | 0.0 ± 0.0 | |
| 10 days | Control | 13.2 ± 2.5a | 0.8 ± 0.5a | 12.2 ± 2.9a | 0.8 ± 0.5a | 12.0 ± 2.0a | 0.2 ± 0.2a |
| BB Fafu-13 | 1.2 ± 0.8b | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 1.2 ± 0.6b | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 5.4 ± 0.7b | 0.0 ± 0.0a | |
| BB Fafu-16 | 3.2 ± 0.7b | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 1.4 ± 0.6b | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 6.6 ± 0.6b | 0.0 ± 0.0a | |
| 14 days | Control | 24.0 ± 4.0a | 9.4 ± 2.0a | 16.4 ± 3.0a | 11.6 ± 2.1a | 19.4 ± 3.1a | 12.2 ± 0.7a |
| BB Fafu-13 | 2.4 ± 1.7b | 0.0 ± 0.0b | 2.4 ± 1.5b | 0.0 ± 0.0b | 3.4 ± 0.2b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | |
| BB Fafu-16 | 5.4 ± 1.3b | 2.0 ± 0.7b | 3.2 ± 1.0b | 0.8 ± 0.6b | 7.4 ± 0.9b | 2.4 ± 0.2b | |
| 17 days | Control | 26.0 ± 6.4a | 16.6 ± 6.3a | 19.4 ± 2.5a | 22.6 ± 5.4a | 19.2 ± 2.3a | 17.4 ± 2.6a |
| BB Fafu-13 | 2.6 ± 1.7b | 0.0 ± 0.0b | 2.4 ± 1.5b | 0.0 ± 0.0b | 5.6 ± 0.6c | 3.4 ± 0.5b | |
| BB Fafu-16 | 5.4 ± 0.9b | 3.6 ± 1.1b | 3.0 ± 1.0b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 11.0 ± 1.6b | 4.6 ± 1.0b | |
| 21 days | Control | 27.6 ± 8.4a | 23.8 ± 6.8a | 27.0 ± 4.3a | 24.2 ± 3.9a | 24.4 ± 2.8a | 29.8 ± 4.1a |
| BB Fafu-13 | 1.8 ± 1.2b | 1.2 ± 1.0b | 0.8 ± 0.6b | 1.2 ± 0.8b | 6.0 ± 0.8b | 4.4 ± 0.5b | |
| BB Fafu-16 | 8.8 ± 1.0b | 6.0 ± 0.5b | 3.6 ± 2.0b | 2.4 ± 0.8b | 10.2 ± 1.5b | 6.6 ± 1.1b | |
For each Asian citrus psyllid generation, mean (±SE) nymph and adult numbers followed by different letters within the same sampling date indicate significant differences among treatments at p = 0.05 (LSD after repeated-measures one-way ANOVA).