Figure 1.

Elevated serum progranulin (GRN) is of negative prognostic relevance in CLL. (a) GRN serum levels in 249 CLL patients and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy donors (HD) were quantified by cytometric bead arrays. Individual data points and their median are plotted. Two-sided Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.0001; (b,c) Correlations of GRN levels with (b) β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) or (c) thymidine kinase (TK) levels in the serum of 249 CLL patients, Pearson’s correlation coefficients (R), and p values are shown. Data were log₂ transformed; (d–f) Association of GRN levels with (d) progression-free survival (PFS); (e) tumor-associated deaths (TAD), and (f) overall survival (OS) was analyzed by a univariate Cox hazard regression model. GRN levels were log₂ transformed and entered as continuous variables. Results are depicted in Stone-Beran plots with estimates for high, intermediate and low GRN concentration shown in separate colors as indicated.