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. 2019 Jun 6;8(6):547. doi: 10.3390/cells8060547

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Methylglyoxal (MG) sustains the aggressive phenotype of ATC CAL62 cells. Papillary thyroid cancer TPC1 and anaplastic thyroid cancer CAL62 cells grown to confluence under standard conditions were analyzed by specific assays or real-time PCR to evaluate their migration and invasion capabilities (A,C) or the mRNA expression of E-cadherin (E-cad), Vimentin, MMP-1, and TGF-β1 (B,D), respectively, as described in the Materials and Methods section. The histograms indicate mean ± SD of three different cultures, and each was tested in triplicate. mRNA expression levels were normalized to the amount of an internal control transcript (β-actin). Invasion/migration capabilities as well as gene expression were measured in TPC1 after 5 µM MG administration and in CAL62 cells after 1 mM aminoguanidine (AG), both for 48 h. The histogram indicates mean ± SD of three different cultures, and each was tested in triplicate. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.01.