Figure 1.

p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) reduced subcellular aggregation of mutant copper–zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1^mut) and protected against SOD1^mut-induced neurotoxicity. (A) Imaging of cytoplasmic mCherry–SOD1 aggregates (white arrowheads) in the presence or absence of p-CA in N2a cells. (B) Quantified analysis of imaging. (C) Immunoblot analysis of mCherry with a 1% Triton X-100 insoluble fraction. (D) Densitometric quantification of mCherry. (E) Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. (F) Cell toxicity was measured by LDH assay. Differences were evaluated by one-way ANOVA (mean ± SEM, n = 3). *** p < 0.001 vs. SOD1^WT, ^††† p < 0.001, ^† p < 0.05 vs. SOD1^G85R. p-CA: p-coumaric acid. Scale bar: 10 µm.