Table 1.
Body composition and clinical characteristics of the participants according to E-DII scores.
| Overall | Negative E-DII Group (n = 107) | Positive E-DII Group (n = 83) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-DII score (minimum-maximum value) | −2.51–1.92 | −2.51–0.01 | 0.01–1.92 | |
| E-DII | −0.2 ± 1.0 | −0.9 ± 0.6 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | |
| Age (years) | 53 (48–59) | 54 (49–59) | 54 (49–60) | 0.87 |
| Anthropometry | ||||
| Height (m) | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 0.93 |
| Weight (kg) | 84.7 (73.6–96.8) | 84.0 (70.4–94.2) | 87.2 (76.4–100.2) | 0.15 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.5 (29.8–38.8) | 33.5 (29.0–37.2) | 34.2 (30.2–40.1) | 0.23 |
| BMI categories, n (%) | ||||
| Normal weight | 18 (9.5) | 10 (9.4) | 8 (9.6) | 0.46 |
| Overweight | 30 (15.8) | 20 (18.7) | 10 (12.1) | |
| Obese | 142 (74.7) | 77 (72.0) | 65 (78.3) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100.1 ± 13.0 | 98.3 ± 12.3 | 102.4 ± 13.7 | 0.03 |
| Waist circumference-abdominal obesity, n (%) | ||||
| Waist circumference (≥80 cm) | 177 (93.2) | 100 (93.5) | 77 (92.8) | 0.85 |
| Waist circumference (<80 cm) | 13 (6.8) | 7 (6.5) | 6 (7.2) | |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 121.8 ± 14.5 | 121.0 ± 14.3 | 122.9± 14.7 | 0.21 |
| WHR | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.04 |
| Body composition and body fat distribution | ||||
| Body Fat mass (kg) | 39.6 (31.5 –48.2) | 38.7 (29.8–46.6) | 40.9 (33.1–50.8) | 0.12 |
| Body fat (%) | 50.7 (46.2–54.0) | 50.1 (44.8–53.8) | 51.5 (47.0–54.6) | 0.09 |
| VAT area (cm2) | 165 ± 62 | 155 ± 59 | 178 ± 64 | 0.01 |
| SAT area (cm2) | 507 ± 157 | 495 ± 154 | 521 ± 161 | 0.27 |
| Clinical biomarkers | ||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.9 (4.3–5.5) | 4.8 (4.3–5.4) | 5.1 (4.3–5.7) | 0.07 |
| Fasting insulin (mUI/mL) | 10.4 (5.7–18.0) | 9.8 (5.7–15.7) | 11.7 (5.9–18.9) | 0.27 |
| Two-hour glucose (mmol/L) | 6.7 (5.3–8.1) | 6.3 (5.3–7.8) | 7.2 (6.0–8.6) | 0.02 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 (5.1–5.7) | 5.4 (5.1–5.7) | 5.5 (5.2–5.8) | 0.48 |
| HOMA2-IR | 1.5 (0.8–2.6) | 1.4 (0.8–2.2) | 1.7 (0.8–2.7) | 0.23 |
| Matsuda Index (OGTT-derived insulin sensitivity) | 3.6 (2.1–6.0) | 3.9 (2.4–6.1) | 2.9 (1.9–5.6) | 0.10 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 11.0 (8.0–15.1) | 9.9 (7.8–14.2) | 12.1 (8.7–16.7) | 0.03 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 5.4 (2.4–11.4) | 4.8 (2.6–8.9) | 6.3 (2.2–12.6) | 0.16 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 436.2(325.2–627.5) | 449.9 (321.2–664.7) | 422.6 (330.1–595.7) | 0.71 |
Data presented as means ± SD or median (25th–75th percentiles). BMI, body mass index; DII, dietary inflammatory index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA2-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment- insulin resistance; IL-8; Interleukin-8, MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test. SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.