Figure 2.

The regulatory mechanisms of TEAD in cancer biology. (a) Upstream signaling and downstream transcriptional outputs of TEAD. Various oncogenic signal transduction pathways, such as EGFR signaling, TGFβ signaling, Wnt signaling, GPCR signaling, and cancer genes (*), such as KRAS, BRAF, LKB1, APC, GNAQ/11 regulate TEAD activity through multiple signaling mechanisms. The TEAD transcriptional outputs have critical functions in tumorigenesis, stem cell maintenance, cancer immunology, metabolism as well as formation of signaling feedback loops. (b) Role of TEAD in multiple stages of tumorigenesis. TEAD activation via various oncogenic pathways play critical roles in cancer biology including EMT, metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer stem cells.