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. 2019 Jun 19;20(12):2999. doi: 10.3390/ijms20122999

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cellular consequences of acute exhausting exercise in immune cells. One bout of acute exhaustive exercise induces DNA damage through mediators such as catecholamines (CAT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and/or cytokines (CYT). Immune cells from individuals with poor aerobic fitness have a limited DNA repair capacity leading to accumulation of DNA damage and consequently a poor immune response (red arrows), while immune cells from individuals with a high aerobic fitness have an enhanced DNA repair capacity protecting immune system and therefore preventing the onset of diseases (green arrows).