. 2019 Jun 14;11(6):1345. doi: 10.3390/nu11061345

Table 4.

16S rDNA copy numbers (log 10 copy numbers mL⁻¹ fermentation effluent) of specific bacterial groups before (0 h) and after 24 h of in vitro fermentation with infant faecal inocula and test substrates, as determined by qPCR. Mean ± SE.

		Total Bacteria		Lactobacillus		Bifidobacterium
	Substrate	0 h	24 h	0 h	24 h	0 h	24 h
Preweaning	control (n = 17)	6.6 ± 0.15	7.18 ± 0.24 ^a,*	4.26 ± 0.4	4.19 ± 0.23 ^a	6.06 ± 0.09	6.08 ± 0.32 ^a
Preweaning	HAMS (n = 17)		7.21 ± 0.1 ^a,*		4.02 ± 0.28 ^a		6.39 ± 0.25 ^a
Weaning	Control (n = 16)	6.65 ± 0.07	7.32 ± 0.06 ^a,*	2.9 ± 0.27	3.34 ± 0.86 ^a	5.09 ± 0.31	5.56 ± 0.21 ^a
	HAMSA (n = 16)		7.42 ± 0.06 ^a,*		3.52 ± 0.91 ^a		6.21 ± 0.10 ^b,*
	HAMS (n = 15)		7.47 ± 0.05 ^a,*		3.49 ± 0.89 ^a		6.04 ± 0.19 ^b,*

In the preweaning and weaning groups, within column values which do not share a superscript letter are significantly different (p < 0.05). * Significant difference between 0 and 24 h values for each substrate, p < 0.05.