Table 1.
Cancer Clinical Trials of Wnt Modulators. Agents used are listed with the mechanism of action, the corresponding investigated disease, the phase of the trial, the investigational intervention, and the clinical trial identifier [106].
| Agent | Mechanism of Action | Disease | Phase | Therapy | Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DKN-01 | DKK1 antibody | Esophageal Neoplasms | 1 | Dose escalation in combination with paclitaxel or pembrolizumab | NCT02013154 |
| Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction | |||||
| Gastroesophageal Cancer | |||||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | |||||
| Gastric Adenocarcinoma | |||||
| DKN-01 | DKK1 antibody | Endometrial Cancer | 2 | Monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel | NCT03395080 |
| Uterine Cancer | |||||
| Ovarian Cancer | |||||
| DKN-01 | DKK1 antibody | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 1, 2 | Phase 1/2 as a monotherapy or combination with sorafenib | NCT03645980 |
| DKN-01 | DKK1 antibody | Multiple Myeloma | 1 | Pilot study of combination with lenalidomide/dexamethasone | NCT01711671 |
| DKN-01 | DKK1 antibody | Multiple Myeloma | 1 | Dose escalation | NCT01457417 |
| Solid Tumors | |||||
| Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer | |||||
| DKN-01 | DKK1 antibody | Carcinoma of Intrahepatic and Extra-hepatic Biliary System | 1 | Dose escalation combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin | NCT02375880 |
| Carcinoma of Gallbladder | |||||
| Bile Duct Cancer | |||||
| Cholangiocarcinoma | |||||
| CGX 1321 | PORCN inhibitor | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma | 1 | Single agent dose escalation | NCT03507998 |
| Gastric Adenocarcinoma | |||||
| Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | |||||
| Bile Duct Carcinoma | |||||
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | |||||
| Esophageal Carcinoma | |||||
| Gastrointestinal Cancer | |||||
| CGX 1321 | PORCN inhibitor | Solid Tumors | 1 | Single agent dose escalation with or without pembrolizumab | NCT02675946 |
| GI Cancer | |||||
| ETC1922159 | PORCN inhibitor | Solid Tumors | 1 | Single agent dose escalation | NCT02521844 |
| LGK974 | PORCN inhibitor | Pancreatic Cancer | 1 | Single agent and in combination with PDR001 | NCT01351103 |
| BRAF Mutant Colorectal Cancer | |||||
| Melanoma | |||||
| Triple Negative Breast Cancer | |||||
| Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer | |||||
| Cervical Squamous Cell Cancer | |||||
| Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer | |||||
| Lung Squamous Cell Cancer | |||||
| RXC004 | PORCN inhibitor | Cancer | 1 | Dose tolerability | NCT03447470 |
| Solid Tumor | |||||
| Artesunate | Unknown | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 1 | Single agent dose escalation | NCT02304289 |
| Artesunate | Unknown | Colorectal Cancer | 2 | Neoadjuvant single agent | NCT03093129 |
| Artesunate | Unknown | Solid Tumors | 1 | Single agent dose escalation | NCT02353026 |
| Artesunate | Unknown | Colorectal Cancer | 2 | Neoadjuvant single agent | NCT02633098 |
| Bowel Cancer | |||||
| Artesunate | Unknown | Metastatic Breast Cancer | 1 | Add-on therapy | NCT00764036 |
| Locally Advanced Breast Cancer | |||||
| Niclosamide | AXIN1 activator | Colon Cancer | 1 | Dose escalation | NCT02687009 |
| Niclosamide | AXIN1 activator | Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma | 1 | Dose escalation with enzalutamide | NCT03123978 |
| Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma | |||||
| Stage IV Prostate Cancer | |||||
| Niclosamide | AXIN1 activator | Castration-Resistant Prostate Carcinoma | 1 | Dose escalation with enzalutamide | NCT02532114 |
| Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma | |||||
| Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma | |||||
| Stage IV Prostate Adenocarcinoma | |||||
| Niclosamide | AXIN1 activator | Colorectal Cancer | 2 | Single agent | NCT02519582 |
| Niclosamide | AXIN1 activator | Metastatic Prostate Cancer | 2 | Combination with abirateronae acetate and prednisone | NCT02807805 |
| Recurrent Prostate Cancer | |||||
| Stage IV Prostate Cancer | |||||
| OMP54F28 | Wnt receptor decoy | Hepatocellular Cancer | 1 | Dose escalation with sorafenib | NCT02069145 |
| Liver Cancer | |||||
| OMP54F28 | Wnt receptor decoy | Ovarian Cancer | 1 | Combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin | NCT02092363 |
| OMP54F28 | Wnt receptor decoy | Pancreatic Cancer | 1 | Combined with Nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine | NCT02050178 |
| Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer | |||||
| OMP54F28 | Wnt receptor decoy | Solid Tumors | 1 | Dose escalation | NCT01608867 |
| Foxy-5 | WNT5A mimic | Metastatic Breast Cancer | 1 | Dose escalation | NCT02020291 |
| Colorectal Cancer | |||||
| Prostate Cancer | |||||
| Foxy-5 | WNT5A mimic | Metastatic Breast Cancer | 1 | Dose escalation | NCT02655952 |
| Metastatic Colon Cancer | |||||
| Metastatic Prostate Cancer | |||||
| PRI724 | CBP/catenin inhibitor | Advanced Pancreatic Cancer | 1 | Dose escalation with gemcitabine | NCT01764477 |
| Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer | |||||
| Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | |||||
| PRI724 | CBP/catenin inhibitor | Acute Myeloid Leukemia | 1, 2 | Dose escalation, combined with dasatinib for CML or cytarabine for AML | NCT01606579 |
| Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | |||||
| SM08502 | Unknown | Solid Tumors, Adult | 1 | Single agent dose escalation | NCT03355066 |