Table 1.
Comparison of the key variables between the current study (conducted in 2015) and the 2012 questionnaire it replicates. The p-values indicate X2 analyses to compare the rate of self-reported gluten sensitivity, coeliac disease (CD), and an adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD).
| Variable | As Reported in 2012 (Overall N = 1002) |
As Reported in The Current Study (Measured in 2015, Overall N = 1004) | Chi-Squared p Value (Where Conducted) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of self-reported gluten sensitivity | 12.9% (N = 129) |
32.8% (N = 329) |
p < 0.001 |
| Mean age (years) of people with self-reported gluten sensitivity | 39.5 ± 17.7 | 37.7 ± 16.0 | - |
| % Female within people with self-reported gluten sensitivity | 79% | 66% | - |
| Overall prevalence of coeliac disease diagnosis | 0.8% (N = 8) |
1.2% (N = 12) |
p = 0.370 |
| Overall prevalence of people adhering to a GFD | 3.7% (N = 37) |
3.7% (N = 37) |
p = 0.997 |
| Pre-existing conditions which gluten-sensitive individuals are more likely to have | Anxiety, Depression, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Food allergies/intolerances, IBS (rates not reported) |
Anxiety (22.4%), Depression (14.7%), Chronic fatigue syndrome (3.5%), Myalgic encephalomyelitis (10.3%), Chronic headaches (9.0%), Acid reflux (11.2%), Food allergies/intolerances/IBS (3.2%–9.0%) | - |