Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits of the subject group.
| Continuous Variables | Men (N = 4086) | Women (N = 8199) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X ± SD | X ± SD | |||
| Me ± IQR | Me ± IQR | |||
| Age (years) | 55.95 ± 5.42 | 55.54 ± 5.35 | <0.001 | |
| 56.00 ± 8.00 | 56.00 ± 9.00 | |||
| Education (years) | 13.22 ± 3.19 | 13.24 ± 3.17 | 0.026 | |
| 12.0 ± 5.0 | 13.0 ± 5.0 | |||
| Body mass (kg) | 85.49 ± 13.04 | 71.50 ± 12.84 | <0.001 | |
| 84.70 ± 16.50 | 70.00 ± 16.40 | |||
| Body Mass Index BMI (kg/m2) | 28.47 ± 3.94 | 27.98 ± 4.96 | <0.001 | |
| 28.17 ± 4.94 | 27.29 ± 6.42 | |||
| Coffee consumption (portion/day) | 1.74 ± 1.90 | 1.89 ± 1.81 | <0.001 | |
| 1.00 ± 4.36 | 1.00 ± 4.43 | |||
| Physical activity (Metabolic Equivalents – MET/min/week−1) | 4633.9 ± 3952.0 | 4431.4 ± 3473.9 | 0.867 | |
| 3924.0 ± 5346.0 | 3217.0 ± 4607.5 | |||
| Categorical variables | N (%) | N (%) | p | |
| Marital status | Married or in a relationship | 3640 (89.08) | 6102 (74.42) | <0.001 |
| Single or a widow/widower | 446 (10.92) | 2097 (25.58) | ||
| Hypertension | Yes | 1573 (38.50) | 3013 (36.75) | 0.059 |
| No | 2513 (61.50) | 5186 (63.25) | ||
| Stroke | Yes | 81 (1.98) | 123 (1.50) | 0.049 |
| No | 4005 (98.02) | 8076 (98.50) | ||
| Coronary disease | Yes | 396 (9.69) | 719 (8.77) | 0.094 |
| No | 3690 (90.31) | 7480 (91.23) | ||
| Circulatory failure | Yes | 214 (5.24) | 563 (6.87) | <0.001 |
| No | 3872 (94.76) | 7636 (93.13) | ||
| Statin use | Yes | 670 (16.40) | 1358 (16.56) | 0.816 |
| No | 3416 (83.60) | 6841 (83.44) | ||
| High total cholesterol (>190 mg/dL) | Yes | 2602 (63.68) | 5797 (70.70) | <0.001 |
| No | 1484 (36.32) | 2440 (29.30) | ||
| High LDL cholesterol (Low Density Lipoproteins) (>115 mg/dL) | Yes | 2502 (61.23) | 5108 (62.30) | 0.251 |
| No | 1584 (38.77) | 3091 (37.70) | ||
| Low HDL cholesterol (High Density Lipoproteins) (<40 mg/dL in men; <46 mg/dL in women) | Yes | 509 (12.46) | 853 (10.40) | 0.001 |
| No | 3577 (87.54) | 7346 (89.60) | ||
| High triglycerides (>150 mg/dL) | Yes | 1167 (28.56) | 1531 (18.67) | <0.001 |
| No | 2919 (71.44) | 6668 (81.33) | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | Yes | 300 (7.34) | 420 (5.12) | <0.001 |
| No | 3786 (92.66) | 7779 (94.88) | ||
| High fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL) or hyperglycemia treatment | Yes | 1856 (45.42) | 2243 (27.36) | <0.001 |
| No | 2230 (54.58) | 5956 (72.64) | ||
| Smoking status | Nonsmokers | 1451 (35.51) | 4312 (52.59) | <0.001 |
| Current smokers | 880 (21.54) | 1504 (18.34) | ||
| Former smokers | 1755 (42.95) | 2383 (29.06) | ||
| Alcohol consumption (g/day) | ||||
| Men | Women | |||
| Abstainers | Abstainers | 554 (13.56) | 1439 (17.55) | <0.001 |
| 0.1–10.0 | 0.1–5.0 | 2235 (54.70) | 5760 (70.25) | |
| 10.1–20.0 | 5.1–10.0 | 757 (18.53) | 683 (8.33) | |
| 20.1–30.0 | 10.1–15.0 | 305 (7.46) | 153 (1.87) | |
| >30.0 | >15.0 | 235 (5.75) | 164 (2.00) | |
Note: N = number of participants; X ± SD = arithmetic mean ± standard deviation; Me ± IQR = median ± interquartile range.