Table 1.
Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of the cross-sectional study population.
| Lean (n = 73) |
Obesity (n = 77) |
p | Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 10.53 (3.45) | 11.16 (3.07) | 0.24 | $ |
| Sex (girl:boy) | 38:35 | 40:37 | 0.99 | |
| Sexual development (prepuberty:puberty) | 34:39 | 38:39 | 0.73 | |
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.24 (0.63) | 3.25 (0.55) | 0.91 | $ |
| Weight (kg) | 38.70 (15.03) | 62.64 (20.86) | <0.001 | # |
| Height (cm) | 140.85 (18.46) | 148.39 (16.03) | 0.01 | $ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.64 (3.63) | 27.56 (4.59) | <0.001 | # |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 67.89 (12.47) | 91.15 (13.27) | <0.001 | $ |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 83.86 (9.02) | 79.12 (11.76) | 0.007 | $ |
| Insulin (mUI/L) | 6.72 (6.68) | 13.83 (9.69) | <0.001 | # |
| HOMA index | 1.40 (1.29) | 2.76 (2.12) | <0.001 | # |
| IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 298.95 (184.69) | 327.26 (189.30) | 0.51 | $ |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 55.14 (23.84) | 65.24 (31.55) | 0.03 | $ |
| Free fatty acids (mg/dL) | 12.37 (5.40) | 11.37 (3.94) | 0.41 | # |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 171.15 (36.25) | 160.49 (31.07) | 0.06 | $ |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 102.26 (35.13) | 97.24 (29.72) | 0.37 | $ |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 59.57 (13.55) | 46.60 (12.05) | <0.001 | $ |
| Leptin (ng) | 9.65 (14.28) | 18.30 (12.26) | <0.001 | $ |
| TSH (mUI/L) | 2.39 (1.18) | 2.68 (1.15) | 0.14 | $ |
| fT4 (ng/dL) | 1.08 (0.22) | 1.16 (0.13) | 0.03 | # |
| fT3 (pg/mL) | 4.26 (0.46) | 4.19 (0.40) | 0.47 | $ |
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 31.12 (36.35) | 26.13 (33.16) | 0.41 | $ |
| Testosterone (ng/mL) | 0.73 (1.43) | 0.46 (0.67) | 0.14 | # |
| FSH (UI/L) | 2.48 (2.16) | 2.96 (2.55) | 0.57 | # |
| Vitamin-D (ng/mL) | 23.37 (12.38) | 16.97 (6.59) | 0.006 | # |
Values are presented as mean (SD). Differences in sex and sexual development distribution were analyzed by X2 analysis. Differences between groups were analyzed by t-test ($) or Wilcoxon test (#). Bold values mean significant statistical differences. BMI, body mass index; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; HOMA index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; fT3, free triiodothyronine; fT4, free thyroxine.