Table 2. Top 20 Predictive Topics Associated With 6-Month, 1-Year, and 2-Year Mortality.

Rank	Manual Label	Top 15 Probable Words
Top-Ranked Predictive Topics for 2-Year Model
1	Palliative and end-of-life care	Care hospice family comfort palliative DNI DNR PRN goal morphine CMO discussion dementia measure pain
2	Cognitive function	Status dementia unable mental baseline eye command nurse verbal alter hypernatremia open due poor lethargy
3	Cholesterol level testing	Cholesterol LDL result test total blood compare HDL bad normal function triglyceride good hemoglobin medical
4	Delirium	Agitation agitate dementia Seroquel delirium Haldol continue Zyprexa PRN sitter behavior psych time medication trazodone
5	Laboratory testing	Range normal detail test blood result function check glucose creatinine potassium kidney total calcium BUN
6	Cancer	Cancer lung metastatic disease chemotherapy oncology cycle radiation cell show chemotherapy tumor carcinoma mass adenocarcinoma
7	Pain evaluation and treatment	Pain therapy time treatment week increase level exercise physical functional report activity tissue visit hip
8	Hospital care	Date information case phone admit information referral status hospital Salem care bed gender contact page
9	Results communication	Result test letter question dear receive contact manager share normal hesitate blood function show report
10	Facility care	Facility live assist nurse dementia rehabilitation SNF care transfer discharge staff term fall ALF long
11	Nutritional status	Nutrition intake weight protein day supplement goal meal clinical calorie kcal daily Ensure diet continue
12	Spanish documentationa	Los para una con usted por tiene puede sus del medico dolor como medicamentos sobre
13	Health care encounter	Hospital general medication Massachusetts management medicine associate fax internal phone pharmacy electronically transmit prescription prepare
14	Arthritis	Knee pain leave joint osteoarthritis injection replacement medial surgery arthritis effusion total lateral bilateral motion
15	Mental status examination	Disorder Axis problem visit mood anxiety coherent risk direct office treatment current pain exam status
16	Heart failure	Lasix CHF edema weight volume overload increase diuresis home daily heart failure SOB admission fluid
17	Skin care	Skin lesion include extremity sun scalp discuss back perform exam papule upper dermatology face nevus
18	Family meeting	Family care discuss meet time discussion make plan team decision son discus understand medical risk
19	General medical care	Care pain respiratory dementia extend gait edema weight gastrointestinal musculoskeletal med review wheeze clear erythema
20	Pain evaluation and treatment	Pain back leg Tylenol leave neck low day lower side muscle tenderness week worse ibuprofen
Top-Ranked Predictive Topics for 1-Year Model
1	Palliative and end-of-life care	Care hospice family comfort palliative DNI DNR PRN goal morphine CMO discussion dementia measure pain
2	Cognitive function	Status dementia unable mental baseline eye command nurse verbal alter hypernatremia open due poor lethargy
3	Laboratory testing	Range normal detail test blood result function check glucose creatinine potassium kidney total calcium BUN
4	Cholesterol level testingb	Cholesterol LDL result test total blood compare HDL bad normal function triglyceride good hemoglobin medical
5	Results communication	Result test letter question dear receive contact manager share normal hesitate blood function show report
6	Medication delivery	Tablet day tablet BID capsule QHS PRN direct acid HCL unit release vitamin visit TID
7	Family meeting	Family care discuss meet time discussion make plan team decision son discus understand medical risk
8	Physical examination	Normal time note sit review pulse status history interpretation inspection pain physician resp skin respiratory
9	Delirium	Agitation agitate dementia Seroquel delirium Haldol continue Zyprexa PRN sitter behavior psych time medication trazodone
10	Health care encounter	Hospital general medication Massachusetts management medicine associate fax internal phone pharmacy electronically transmit prescription prepare
11	Facility care	Facility live assist nurse dementia rehabilitation SNF care transfer discharge staff term fall ALF long
12	Cholesterol level testingb	Test cholesterol blood follow function laboratory phone recent normal office dear range medicine Parkman kidney
13	Pain evaluation and treatment	Pain therapy time treatment week increase level exercise physical functional report activity tissue visit hip
14	Spanish documentationa	Los para una con usted por tiene puede sus del mdico dolor como medicamentos sobre
15	Hospital care	Date information case phone admit information referral status hospital Salem care bed gender contact page
16	Nursing care	Continue progress rate output intake hour today SPO urine monitor total overnight shift nurse event
17	Mental status examination	Disorder axis problem visit mood anxiety coherent risk direct office treatment current pain exam status
18	Swallowing function	Liquid swallow diet aspiration dysphagia thick puree SLP nectar solid thin speech continue soft consistency
19	Cancer	Cancer lung metastatic disease chemotherapy oncology cycle radiation cell show chemotherapy tumor carcinoma mass adenocarcinoma
20	Nutritional status	Nutrition intake weight protein day supplement goal meal clinical calorie kcal daily ensure diet continue
Top-Ranked Predictive Topics for 6-Month Model
1	Palliative and end-of-life care	Care hospice family comfort palliative DNI DNR PRN goal morphine CMO discussion dementia measure pain
2	Cognitive function	Status dementia unable mental baseline eye command nurse verbal alter hypernatremia open due poor lethargy
3	Laboratory testing	Range normal detail test blood result function check glucose creatinine potassium kidney total calcium BUN
4	Cholesterol level testing	Cholesterol LDL result test total blood compare HDL bad normal function triglyceride good hemoglobin medical
5	Results communication	Result test letter question dear receive contact manager share normal hesitate blood function show report
6	Physical examination	Normal time note sit review pulse status history interpretation inspection pain physician resp skin respiratory
7	Family meeting	Family care discuss meet time discussion make plan team decision son discuss understand medical risk
8	Healthcare encounter	Hospital general medication Massachusetts management medicine associate fax internal phone pharmacy electronically transmit prescription prepare
9	Delirium	Agitation agitate dementia Seroquel delirium Haldol continue Zyprexa PRN sitter behavior psych time medication trazodone
10	Nutritional status	Nutrition intake weight protein day supplement goal meal clinical calorie kcal daily Ensure diet continue
11	Hospital care	Progress hospitalization adult absence risk continue pediatric fall actual sign discharge infection symptom condition pressure
12	Respiratory failure	Respiratory BIPAP failure pulmonary oxygen hypoxia sit ICU edema status transfer Lasix distress require improve
13	Shock	Shock sepsis transfer ICU MICU hypotension septic failure set pressor continue fluid require improve respiratory
14	Swallowing function	Swallow SLP liquid aspiration oral speech thin dysphagia solid diet puree language cough consistency thick
15	Swallowing function	Liquid swallow diet aspiration dysphagia thick puree SLP nectar solid thin speech continue soft consistency
16	Physical examination	Pressure blood normal edema pulse weight clear chest murmur today year regular daily heart extremity
17	Medication delivery	Tablet day tablet BID capsule QHS PRN direct acid HCL unit release vitamin visit TID
18	Intensive care	Intubate vent airway goal day continue tube Fio CMH respiratory care line rate ICU ETT
19	Facility care	Facility live assist nurse dementia rehabilitation SNF care transfer discharge staff term fall ALF long
20	General medical care	Care pain respiratory dementia extend gait edema weight gastrointestinal musculoskeletal med review wheeze clear erythema

Abbreviations (approximated from clinical notes): ALF, assisted living facility; BID, twice daily; BIPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CHF, congestive heart failure; CMH, centimeters of water; CMO, comfort measures only; DNI, do not intubate; DNR, do not resuscitate; ETT, endotracheal tube; Fio, fraction of inhaled oxygen; HCL, hydrochloride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ICU, intensive care unit; kcal, kilocalorie; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MICU, medical ICU; PRN, prescription as needed; psych, psychology or psychiatry or some variation on these terms; QHS, at bedtime; resp, respiratory or respiration or some similar variations; SLP, speech-language pathology; SNF, skilled nursing facility; SOB, shortness of breath; SPO, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation; TID, three times daily.

^aThis topic groups common words in Spanish because of the inclusion of clinical notes written in Spanish, primarily among the notes for communication with patients, including patient letters and instructions.

^bTopics with similar words were labeled with the same name.