Figure 5.

Inhibitory effect of bvPLA₂ on the differentiation of CD4⁺ effector T cells in MPTP-treated mice. IFN-γ- (A) and IL-17A-positive (B) splenic CD4⁺ T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry on Day 7 post-MPTP to evaluate the number of Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. Bee venom extracts containing different levels of PLA₂ and melittin were administered to MPTP-treated mice. Data are expressed as the means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). n = 3–4 per group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ns, not significant.