The alerting score from the Attention Network Test (ANT) among ADHD and non-ADHD groups after placebo (PLA, white bars) and methylphenidate (MPH, black bars). Across both groups, the alerting score was smaller after MPH, and between groups, the alerting score was larger among the ADHD group than the non-ADHD group (p’s < .05). Shown are the estimated marginal means (including age as a covariate of no interest). Error bars are S.E.M.