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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Mar 1;54(6):1184–1191. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.040

Table 2.

NBL characteristics and operative outcomes based on presence or absence of IDRF at resection.

n IDRF negative
n = 49
IDRF positive
n = 37
p-value
Age (months) 86 19 [6, 61] 34 [18, 48] 0.276
Body surface area (m2) 83 0.52 [0.40, 0.73] 0.62 [0.50, 0.68] 0.088
TV at diagnosis (ml) 85 46.8 [16.7, 210.7] 257.8 [136.7, 606.0] < 0.001
TV at resection (ml) 86 23.9 [6.3, 63.2] 71.3 [36.6, 220] < 0.001
COG risk stratification
Low 80 53.3% (24) 11.4% (4) < 0.001
Intermediate 13.3% (6) 22.9% (8)
High 33.3% (15) 65.7% (23)
Stage (INSS)
Stage 1/2 77 52.4% (22) 17.1% (6) 0.001
Stage 3/4 47.6% (20) 82.9% (29)
MYCN
Nonamplified 68 82.1% (32) 82.8% (24) 0.940
Amplified 18.0% (7) 17.2% (5)
Site
Neck 86 2.0% (1) (0) 0.009
Thoracic 22.5% (11) 18.9% (7)
Adrenal 67.4% (33) 43.2% (16)
Abdomen, nonadrenal 4.1% (2) 32.4% (12)
Pelvis 4.1% (2) 5.4% (2)
Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Yes 86 12.2% (6) (0) 0.027
No 87.8% (43) 100% (37)
Resection approach
MIS 86 36.7% (18) 2.7% (1) < 0.001
Open 63.3% (31) 97.3% (36)
Margins
Negative 73 46.2% (18) 20.6% (7) 0.022
Positive 53.9% (21) 79.4% (27)
Estimated blood loss (ml) 76 25 [10, 100] 240 [75,450] < 0.001
Operating time (min) 74 184 [133.5, 290.5] 363.5 [279, 528] < 0.001
Length of stay (days) 86 3 [2, 4] 5 [4, 6] < 0.001
Gross total resection
≥ 98% resection 79 80% (36) 67.7% (23) 0.211
<98% resection 20% (9) 32.4% (11)
Adjacent organ resection
No 86 100% (49) 91.9% (34) 0.042
Yes (0) 8.1% (3)
Intraoperative complications
No 86 93.9% (46) 78.4% (29) 0.033
Yes 6.1% (3) 21.6% (8)
ICU
No 86 100% (49) 67.6% (25) < 0.001
Yes (0) 32.4% (12)
Local Relapse
No 86 91.8% (45) 89.2% (33) 0.676
Yes 8.2% (4) 10.8% (4)

IDRF, image-defined risk factor; TV, tumor volume; COG, Children’s Oncology Group; INSS, International Neuroblastoma Staging System; MIS, minimally invasive surgery; ICU, intensive care unit.

Values are median [Q1, Q3] or % (No.)