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. 2019 Jan 1;21(4):400–407. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_105_18

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Copyright: © The Author(s)(2019)

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Effects of various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nmol l⁻¹) of 1,25(OH)₂D on sperm kinetic values, (a) VCL, (b) VSL, and (c) VAP at different time points (15, 30, 60, and 90 min). Effects of various concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nmol l⁻¹) of 1,25(OH)₂D on sperm velocity, (d) VCL, (e) VSL, and (f) VAP after incubation for 30 min. All values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The sperm concentration used was 1 × 10⁷ ml⁻¹. The differences among different groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak post hoc test. ^*P < 0.05 and ^**P < 0.01, groups treated with 1,25(OH)₂D compared with the control group. VSL: straight-line velocity; VCL: curvilinear velocity; VAP: average path velocity; ANOVA: analysis of variance.