Fig. 5.

Long-term population growth rate $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ vs. the dimensionality $q$ of the intermediate layer of the network. Each point represents a network with a random, fixed representation matrix $H$ (entries drawn from $\mathcal{N}\left(\mathrm{0,1}\right)$ independently) and an optimized expression matrix $G$. (To aid visualization of the density of points, a small random horizontal displacement is added.) Dashed and solid (Inset) lines show the mean and SD of the values of $\mathrm{\Lambda }$. Horizontal bars mark the maximum values of $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ when the matrix $H$ is also optimized for each $q$; dotted line (Inset) shows the difference between the maximum and the mean values. For this example the parameter values $\sigma =1$ and $\gamma =1$ are used.