Figure 2. Genes differentially expressed in BPH versus normal prostate.

(A) Heatmap of genes with significant differential expression in BPH versus normal prostate. Samples are clustered (see color key) and genes ordered by SAM score (t statistic value). (B) Volcano plot (Q value vs. log₂ fold change) annotated with topmost genes differentially expressed in BPH. (C) Technical validation of RNA-Seq results by qRT-PCR, confirming elevated expression of BMP5 and CXCL13 in BPH. Five BPH-normal pairs assayed once with technical quadruplicates. Graphed are mean (±1 SD) relative expression levels, normalized to GAPDH and compared against a reference sample (normal prostate sample 8791). Each data point represents 1 of up to 16 pairwise ratios (calculated from the quadruplicate test and reference values). Below, heatmap depiction of corresponding RNA-Seq (median-centered log₂ reads per kilobase million) values.