Table 2. Types of IUCD training in high income countries.

Participants of training	Country	Author (year)	Type of IUCD training	Participants of training	Training program
Doctors	AU	Stewart M et al. (2016) [22]	IUCD insertion training	GPs	Approach standards training, competency-training with IUCD insertions in patients under the experienced doctors’ supervision.
	USA	Thompson KM et al. (2016) [24]	Continuing education to clinicians	Clinicians	Four hours continuing medical education with a didactic session on IUCD, a hands-on IUCD insertion practicum for clinicians and counselling role play
	USA	Luchowski AT et al. (2014) [13]	Multi-trainings include residency training and continuing education	OBs and GYNs	Didactic and clinical training on IUCD insertion in residency and continuing education recently in the past year
	USA	Lunde B et al. (2014) [16]	IUCD placement training	physicians	No specified details about this training program
	USA	Greenberg KB et al. (2013) [42]	Family medicine residency training	Adolescent medicine providers	Family planning residency training
	CA	Phillips SP et al. (2010) [27]	IUCD insertion workshop	FPs	Three hours skill transfer workshops with peers teaching IUCD insertion, endometrial sampling and pessary fitting
	USA	Madden T et al. (2010) [39]	Insertion training in residency program	OBs and GYN physicians	IUCD insertion training during residency or advanced practice core training
	UK	Moss E et al. (2009) [41]	Unclear	OBs and GYNs	No specified details about this training program
	USA	Goodman S et al. (2008) [32]	Training of insertion, counselling and patient education	clinicians	Focused IUCD training program to reintroduce the Cu-T380a which covers 6 months include instruction in insertion, training in IUCD counselling.
	UK	Markham WA et al. (2005) [30]	Sexual health training	GPs	No specified details about this training program
	NZ	Richardson A et al. (1993) [29]	General training in IUCD insertion	GPs, FPs, OBs and GYNs	No specified details about this training program
Nurses	AU	Kemeny F et al. (2016) [18]	Competency-based training program	RNs	Competency-based training program (using pelvic model followed by supervised insertions with Copper IUCD and levonorgestrel-releasing IUCD)
	USA	Dermish A et al. (2016) [20]	IUCD insertion training focus on paracervical block and cervical dilatation	NPs and CNMs	Low-cost 2 hrs in-person advanced practice clinicians training focuses on adjunctive method for difficult IUCD insertions
	USA	Harper CC et al. (2013) [17]	Insertion training	NPs	Family planning training program, practicum clinical IUCD training, comfortable inserting training of IUCD
	UK	Andrews GD et al. (1999) [21]	Nurse specialist training in fitting IUCD	Nurses	Family planning nurses trained to become clinical nurse specialists after a minimum of 2 years’ experience following family planning course with training of IUCD insertion practice under the supervision of Family Planning instructing doctor
Doctors and nurses	UK	Heath L et al. (2014) [28]	IUCD provision training	NPs and GPs		Training scheme for general practitioners and practice nurses in provision of subdermal implants and IUCD
	USA	Goldthwaite LM et al. (2016) [23]	Postpartum IUCD training	CNMs and Physicians		Thirty minutes standardized training include didactic, video and hands-on practice sessions which covered insertions at the time of vaginal and caesarean deliveries
	USA	Lewis C et al. (2013) [15]	Insertion techniques training	NPs, physicians and physician assistants		Six hours IUCD insertions training combined with didactic training with hands-on supervised insertion practice for clinicians
	USA	Postlethwaite D et al. (2007) [25]	Clinicians peer to peer education	NPs and physicians		IUC insertion training sessions
	USA	Harper CC et al. (2008) [40]	General training (unclear)	Physicians, physician assistants and NPs		No specified details about this training program
Residents	CA	Garcia-Rodriguez JA et al. (2016) [26]	Video-module instruction	Family medicine residents		Video-module instruction with necessary knowledge and skills to perform an IUCD insertion
	USA	Amico J et al. (2015) [33]	Family Medicine Residency education	FP residents		Family planning residency programs in an academic family medicine centre
	USA	Schubert FD et al. (2015) [34]	FP residency training program	FP residents		Family planning residency program
	USA	Romero D et al. (2015) [19]	Abortion training	Graduate FP residents		The training program is included in their curricula during their Family planning residency programs
	USA	Havilan M et al. (2015) [35]	Pelvic simulator training models	Interns and NP students		Training of practice on pelvic simulator module with didactic slides and insertion tutorial for practicing
	USA	Nippita S et al. (2015) [31]	Insertion trainings with pelvic simulator models	Inters and NP students		IUCD insertion training videos before practicing on pelvic simulator models
	USA	Jatlaoui T et al. (2014) [36]	Insertion training sessions	OBs and GYNs residents		Training sessions include counselling for IUCD, insertion techniques and abdominal ultrasound guidance for fundal placement
	USA	Turk J et al. (2011) [14]	LARC training in residency program	OBs and GYNs residents		The training program offers technical and financial support to obstetrics–gynaecology residencies for contraception training
	USA	Schreiber CA et al. (2006) [37]	IUCD training in family medicine residency program	Graduate FP residents		Training in family planning residency
	USA	Cheng D (1999) [38]	IUCD training in family medicine residency program Maryland	FP and OBs residents		Training in family planning residency

GP = General Practitioner, OB = Obstetrician, GYN = Gynaecologist, FP = Family Planning, RN = registered nurse, NP = nurse practitioner and CNM = Certified nurse-midwife