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. 2019 Jul 11;4(13):e128014. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.128014

Figure 6. Kidney allograft expression of mRNAs encoding DNA damage sensors in TCMR and Normal.

Figure 6

Expression of 2 key DNA damage sensors, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) (A), a serine-threonine kinase that recognizes DNA double strand breaks, and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) (B), a serine-threonine kinase that recognizes DNA replication stress, in TCMR and Normal. Another key sensor, PRKDC (DNA-PK), was also increased in TCMR (FC 1.22, P < 0.05). All 3 DNA damage checkpoint proteins activate p53 (C), a tumor suppressor protein that activates either the DNA repair pathway or apoptosis pathway. CDKN1A (P21) (D) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that is activated by p53, thus linking DNA damage to cell cycle arrest.