Table 2:

Associations of plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins carrying saturated fatty acids with risk of incident heart failure

	Model	HR	95% CI	P-value
Cer-16	Basic	1.15	1.08–1.23	1.07×10−05
	Multi	1.14	1.06–1.21	1.46×10−04
	Multi + Cer-22	1.25	1.16–1.36	3.74×10−08
Cer-20	Basic	1.07	1.00–1.14	0.05
	Multi	1.02	0.95–1.09	0.57
	Multi + Cer-16	0.94	0.87–1.01	0.11
Cer-22	Basic	1.02	0.96–1.09	0.52
	Multi	0.97	0.90–1.03	0.33
	Multi + Cer-16	0.85	0.78–0.92	6.77×10−05
Cer-24	Basic	1.09	1.02–1.10	0.08
	Multi	1.01	0.95–1.08	0.67
	Multi + Cer-16	0.94	0.87–1.02	0.13
SM-16	Basic	1.07	1.01–1.14	0.02
	Multi	1.15	1.07–1.23	1.75×10−04
	Multi + SM-22	1.28	1.18–1.40	4.19×10−09
SM-20	Basic	0.9	0.84–0.95	4.83×10−04
	Multi	0.92	0.86–0.98	0.01
	Multi + SM-16	0.83	0.77–0.90	2.97×10−06
SM-22	Basic	0.92	0.86–0.97	6.06×10−03
	Multi	0.93	0.86–0.99	0.03
	Multi + SM-16	0.81	0.75–0.88	5.63×10−07
SM-24	Basic	0.9	0.85–0.96	1.12×10−03
	Multi	0.94	0.88–1.01	0.07
	Multi + SM-16	0.83	0.77–0.90	7.76×10−06

The table shows hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of incident heart failure associated with an increase in plasma log-transformed sphingolipid species corresponding to one standard deviation. The hazard ratios were estimated from analyses using Cox regression. The basic model was adjusted for age, sex, African American race and study site. The “Multi” model was further adjusted for diabetes, CHD, atrial fibrillation, systolic blood pressure, treated hypertension, smoking, BMI, physical activity, fasting glucose, LDL cholesterol. Abbreviations: Cer-16, Cer-20, Cer-22, Cer-24 = ceramide with palmitic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric acid respectively. SM-16, SM-20, SM-22, SM-24 = sphingomyelin with palmitic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric acid respectively