Table 2. Associations between symptoms related to GERD and suspected GERD.
| Symptoms | Suspected GERD | Non-suspected GERD | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esophageal symptoms | ||||
| Heartburn | 61 (40.4) | 14 (4.5) | <0.001 | |
| Regurgitation | 139 (92.1) | 118 (38.1) | <0.001 | |
| Pain in the center or upper abdomen | 147 (97.4) | 307 (99.0) | 0.166 | |
| Nausea | 149 (98.7) | 303 (97.7) | 0.497 | |
| Sleeping difficulty because of heartburn or regurgitation | 5 (1.6) | 37 (24.5) | <0.001 | |
| Consuming drugs for heartburn or regurgitation | 20 (6.5) | 69 (45.7) | <0.001 | |
| Extraesophageal symptoms | ||||
| Tooth erosion | 45 (30.4) | 82 (27.5) | 0.524 | |
| Chronic cough | 6 (4.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0.003 | |
| Pneumonia | 5 (3.3) | 11 (3.5) | 0.896 | |
| Sinusitis | 49 (32.5) | 60 (19.4) | 0.002 | |
| Otitis media | 21 (13.9) | 23 (7.4) | 0.026 | |
Values are presented as number (%).
GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease.