Fig. 3.

Mean peak area of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-measured volatile compounds. Volatiles were collected for 12 h after the application of spores of R. irregularis or zoospores of A. euteiches to roots of M. truncatula grown in an aeroponic system for six weeks. Annotation was performed using a library, and the identity of the substances framed in red was verified using standard compounds. Bars indicate means ± SDs; n = 9–12. Different letters show significant differences determined by two-factorial ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test (P ≤ 0.05).