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. 2019 Jul 15;10:3098. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11090-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Stress–strain curves of the outer and middle graft layers based on methacryloyl gelatin-alginate (GEAL) reinforced poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) sublayers. a Iterative improvement of the middle and outer graft layers: longitudinal tensile testing of the middle and outer graft layers using different numbers of middle and outer graft sublayers in the construct. Grey dotted lines represent the average longitudinal stress–strain curve of the native adventitia (closed circles) and media (closed diamonds) layer of human coronary arteries¹¹. b, c Longitudinal and circumferential stress–strain curve of the outer graft layer composed of five graft (GEAL/PCL) sublayers. Green dashed lines in b, c represent the average longitudinal and circumferential stress–strain curves of the native media layer of coronary arteries¹¹, respectively. d, e Longitudinal and circumferential stress-strain curve of the middle graft layer composed of four graft (GEAL/PCL) sublayers. The green dashed lines in d, e represent the average longitudinal and circumferential stress–strain curve of the native adventitia layer of human coronary arteries¹¹, respectively (n = 3). The shaded green zones in the figures represent the range of results obtained for native human coronary arteries¹¹. Error bars = standard deviation; n = 3 independent experiments