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. 2019 Jul 9;13:298. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00298

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Neurons are protected from excitotoxic injury in the presence of astrocytes whereas when cultured alone they rapidly die with a dose-response effect. Viability of neurons was measured by MTT at OD 490 1 and 2 days after KA treatment in the presence or absence of wild type astrocytes (A,B, F2,24 = 78.35, ∗∗∗P < 0.0001 and F2,24 = 294.2, ∗∗∗P < 0.0001, neurons+KA vs. neurons+astrocytes+KA; #P < 0.0001 compared to neurons in KA0 group, n = 6 in each group). Cell counts from KA treated or saline showed that KA increased neuronal loss at 24 h with a dose-dependent manner (C, ∗∗∗P < 0.05, neurons+KA vs. neurons+astrocytes+KA; #P < 0.05 compared between neurons+KA and cocultured neurons+KA at the same KA concentration, n = 3 in each group). IGF-1 blocker does not change KA inducing neuronal loss, but it diminishes the neuroprotective effect of astrocytic IGF-1 in the coculture system (D, F = 8.90; ∗∗∗P < 0.05 compared with non-KA group).