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Averaged NSTPDC plots for cardiovascular coupling analyses for (A) the CON, (B) the IDCLR, and (C) the IDCHR group. Arrows indicating the causal coupling direction from one time series to another time series, e.g., SYS←BBI, indicating the causal link from BBI to SYS. Coupling strength ranges from blue (0, no coupling) to red (1, maximum coupling) where BBI are beat-to-beat intervals, and SYS are successive end-systolic blood pressure amplitude values over time.
