TABLE 2.
Pearson and partial correlations between gender role, sex hormones, and spatial abilities.
|
Gender role |
Sex hormones |
MRT Acc. | MRT RT | VNT RT | ||||||||
| Masc. | Fem. | M/F | T | E | P | E/T | E/P | T/P | ||||
| Masculinity (Masc) | –0.60∗∗∗ | 0.85∗∗∗ | –0.13 | –0.02 | –0.06 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.10 | –0.16 | 0.09 | |
| Femininity (Fem) | –0.83∗∗∗ | –0.81∗∗∗ | 0.05 | –0.04 | 0.05 | –0.07 | –0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | –0.05 | –0.10 | |
| Masc/Fem (M/F) | 0.94∗∗∗ | –0.92∗∗∗ | –0.14 | –0.04 | < 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 | –0.01 | –0.10 | 0.13 | |
| Testosterone (T) | 0.54∗∗∗ | –0.59∗∗∗ | 0.55∗∗∗ | 0.55∗∗∗ | 0.31∗∗ | –0.12 | –0.08 | –0.18 | 0.02 | 0.32* | –0.07 | |
| Estradiol (E) | –0.03 | –0.01 | –0.04 | 0.33∗∗ | 0.43∗∗∗ | 0.59∗∗∗ | 0.25* | –0.38∗∗∗ | –0.15 | 0.23* | –0.07 | |
| Progesterone (P) | –0.46∗∗∗ | 0.47∗∗∗ | –0.44∗∗ | −0.28* | 0.37∗∗∗ | 0.19 | –0.39∗∗∗ | –0.34∗∗ | –0.17 | 0.04 | –0.20 | |
| E/T | –0.51∗∗∗ | 0.52∗∗∗ | –0.52∗∗∗ | –0.60∗∗∗ | 0.44∗∗∗ | 0.51∗∗∗ | 0.23* | −0.24* | –0.17 | 0.06 | 0.06 | |
| E/P | 0.52∗∗∗ | –0.50∗∗∗ | 0.49∗∗∗ | 0.45∗∗∗ | 0.18 | –0.61∗∗∗ | –0.31∗∗ | 0.57∗∗∗ | < 0.01 | –0.09 | –0.06 | |
| T/P | 0.55∗∗∗ | –0.55∗∗∗ | 0.56∗∗∗ | 0.47∗∗∗ | −0.28* | –0.60∗∗∗ | –0.62∗∗∗ | 0.76∗∗∗ | 0.04 | –0.18 | –0.05 | |
| MRT Accuracy | 0.36∗∗∗ | –0.29∗∗ | 0.31∗∗ | 0.33∗∗ | –0.15 | –0.36∗∗∗ | –0.40∗∗∗ | 0.26* | 0.32∗∗ | –0.04 | –0.09 | |
| MRT RT | –0.07 | < 0.01 | –0.02 | 0.24* | 0.23* | < 0.01 | 0.01 | –0.04 | –0.09 | –0.02 | 0.30* | |
| VNT RT | –0.19 | 0.20 | –0.17 | −0.27* | –0.08 | < 0.01 | 0.25* | −0.23* | −0.24* | 0.21 | 0.27* | |
Pearson correlations are displayed below the diagonal in light gray. Partial correlations after controlling for biological sex are displayed above the diagonal in white. MRT, mental rotation task; VNT, virtual navigation task; RT, reaction time. *p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001.