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. 2019 Jul 9;10:829. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00829

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Copyright © 2019 Ruddy, Cormack, Whiteley, Williams, Timmins and Opar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A complex systems approach for modeling the risk of injury, adapted from Bittencourt et al. (2016). The web of determinants represents the individual risk factors as a collective, with the size of the circle indicating that variable’s level of influence. These variables interact with each other to differing degrees to result in a risk profile. An athlete is then exposed to the risk of injury during training/competition. During an athlete’s exposure to the risk of injury, an inciting event may occur and this can result in an injury. The other outcome is no injury. How much an athlete trains or competes and what they do during these sessions (i.e., their level of exposure) will feed back into the web and revise their subsequent and resulting risk profile. The outcome (injury or no injury), will also influence their future risk profiles.