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. 2019 Jul 9;10:884. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00884

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Overexpression of VvSWEET4 in hairy roots reduces Pythium irregulare infection. Eight two-week-old root tips (2 cm length) from A4, pBin, and VvSWEET4OX lines were placed 2 cm apart in square Petri dishes on water agar medium. Roots were inoculated by placing a 0.5 cm2 agar plug from the edge of a 1-week-old P. irregulare culture at equal distance between each root. Roots were harvested 3 days after inoculation. (A) Picture of hairy roots 3 days after inoculation. Bar = 1 cm. (B) qPCR was used to analyze the relative quantity of P. irregulare according to the abundance of fungal ITS sequence relative to grapevine ACTIN and EF1α genes. NF: normalization factor calculated from the geometric mean of grapevine ACTIN and EF1α relative DNA levels. Data represent means ± SD of four biological replicates each containing eight roots. Means with different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 (Tukey Contrasts).