Table 2.

The predictive capability of inflammatory state prior to therapy measured by circulating leukocyte gene expression for the response to various antidepressant regimens in MDD.

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT	GENE TRANSCRIPT	EFFECT	STUDY
Escitalopram (SSRI)	TNF	Higher levels in non-responders	Powell et al., 2013 (59)
Escitalopram (SSRI)	13-gene model, including immune/inflammatory genes (CD3D, CD97, IFITM3, and GZMA)	Predicting non-remission with 79.4% accuracy	Guilloux et al., 2015 (60)
Escitalopram(SSRI) or Nortriptyline (TCA)	IL1β, TNF, and MIF (relative mRNA values)	Higher levels in non-responders	Cattaneo et al., 2013 (61)
Escitalopram (SSRI) or Nortriptyline (TCA)	IL1β and MIF (absolute mRNA values)	Algorithm predictive of non-response with probability of over 99%	Cattaneo et al., 2016 (62)
Antidepressant treatment, not specified	IL1β, TNF, PPT1, and HIST1H1E	Algorithm predictive of treatment response	Belzeaux et al., 2012 (63)

SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL, interleukin; CD, cluster of differentiation; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; PPT1, palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1; HIST1H1E, histone cluster 1 H1 family member E; MIF, macrophage inhibition factor; IFITM3, interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3; GZMA, granzyme A.