Table 1.
Advances in models to study Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in vitro.
| Model | Strains | Support | Surface | Media | Incubation | Application | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic Wound Infection Models | |||||||
| Germ carrier model | PA ATCC 27317 | Petri dish | Polyurethane sponge | TSB | 4, 7, and 24 h | Biofilm susceptibility in in vitro to semisolid formulations | Martineau, 2006 [139] |
| Poloxamer biofilm | PA NCIMB 8626 | Petri dish | Poloxamer hydrogel | MHB | 24 h | Biofilm formation and susceptibility testing of different commercial silver-containing dressings. | Percival, 2007 [135] |
| Lubbock chronic wound pathogenic biofilm (LCWPB) | PAO1, E. faecalis, and S. aureus | Microtiter plate | Polystyrene 96-well plate | WLM media: 45% Bolton broth, 50% bovine plasma, and 5% freeze-thaw laked horse red blood cells | Anaerobic for 24 h | Definition of media composition for multispecies biofilm formation and susceptibility testing | Sun, 2008 [106] |
| Porcine explant wound biofilm model | PAO1 and S. aureus | TSA plate | Partial thickness wound beds in fresh porcine skin explants | TSB | Up to 5 days | Biofilm susceptibility testing | Wolcott, 2010 [133] |
| Collagen wound biofilm | PAO1 and S. aureus | Culture slides | Collagen matrices | 50% fetal calf serum and 50% physiological NaCl in 0.1% Peptone | 48 h | Biofilm formation within collagen matrices and susceptibility testing | Werthen, 2010 [136] |
| Polymicrobial colony-DFR wound biofilm | PA, MRSA, and C. perfringens wound isolates | DFR | Polycarbonate membrane | 100% BHI with 5% adult bovine serum | 3 days | Biofilm formation and susceptibility testing of dressings | Woods, 2012 [140] |
| Cellulose interkingdom biofilm wound model | PA14, S. aureus, and C. albicans SC5314 | N/D | Cellulose matrices on top of hydrogel | PBS | 24 h | Biofilm formation within cellulose matrices and susceptibility testing | Townsend, 2016 [141] |
| Artificial wound model | PAO1 and clinical isolates | Microtiter plate | Hyaluronic acid and collagen scaffold | Bolton broth with 50% bovine plasma and 5% freeze-thaw laked horse blood | 16 h | Biofilm formation and susceptibility testing of antimicrobial peptides | Grassi, 2019 [142] |
N/D: Not described; LCWPB: Lubbock chronic wound pathogenic biofilm model; PA: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; TSB: tryptic soy broth; MHB: Mueller–Hinton broth, WLM: wound-like media, TSA: tryptic soy agar, BHI: brain heart infusion media; DFR: drip flow reactor; MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; PBS: phosphate saline buffer.