Figure 2.

Genistein has antiviral activity against B virus in human and macaque fibroblasts. HFFs and RMFs were left untreated (negative control) or treated with either 1% DMSO (experimental control) or increasing concentrations of genistein and infected with 150 PFU of B virus for 48 h. (A) Indirect virus yield assay in HFFs. After 48 h, cells/supernatants were harvested and back-titered on Veros. Data shows total PFU counted in Veros. Cell-based Elisa in HFFs (B) and RMFs (C). After 48 h, cells were fixed with 100% methanol and assayed via ELISA for amount of virus antigen. An in-assay standard curve was generated to calculate virus titer and IC₅₀ values were calculated using a logarithmic regression line. Statistical analysis performed via one-way ANOVA with Dunnet’s correction for multiple comparisons. N = 9. Error bars show standard error of the mean. * p = <0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p =< 0.001. Direct virus yield assay in HFFs (D–I) and RMFs (J–O). After 48 h, cells were fixed with 100% methanol and virus antigen was visualized via IHC with DAB detection. Scale bars shown at 200 µM.3.3. Genistein Targets B Virus Post-Viral Entry and Genomic Replication.