Table 3.
High performance of metal oxides anodes in Na-ion battery systems.
| Type of Metal Oxide Anode | Electrolyte Chemistry | Voltage Range | Performance * | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P2-Na2/3Co1/3Ti2/3O2 | 1M of NaClO4 in EC/DEC/3 wt.% FEC | 4.0–2.0 | 64.9/400/1C a | [133] |
| Tunnel-Na0.44MnO2 | 1M NaClO4 in PC | 2–3.8 | 82/1000/0.42 C a | [134] |
| Fe3O4 QD@C-GN | 1M NaFP6 in EC/DMC | 0–3.0 | 343/1000/2000 | [135] |
| Co3O4@NC | 1M NaClO4 in PC/PEC | 0–3.0 | 175/1100/1000 | [136] |
| SnO2/3D graphene | 1M NaPF6 in EC/DEC/10 wt.% FEC | 0–2.8 | 223/350/80 | [137] |
| T-Nb2O5/CNF | 1M NaClO4 in PC/EC/5 wt.% PEC | 0–2.8 | 150/5000/1000 | [138] |
| Na2Ti6O13 nanorods | 1M NaClO4 in PC and FEC | 0–2.5 | 109/2800/1000 | [139] |
| Sb2O3/Sb@Gr-CSN | 1M NaClO4 in EC/DMC | 0–2.5 | 487/275/100 | [140] |
| V2O3/C | 1M NaClO4 in DMC/EC | 0–3.0 | 181/1000/2000 | [141] |
| 3-CCO@C | 1M NaClO4 in DMC/EC | 0–3.0 | 314/1000/1000 | [142] |
| Inverse opal am-TiO2 | 1M NaPF6 in DEG-DME | 0–3.0 | 86.7/500/500 | [143] |
| Nickel-titanium oxide | 1M NaPF6 in DMC/EC/5 wt.% FEC | 0–2.5 | 491/200/50 | [144] |
| M-Na4Ti5O12/CNT | 1M NaClO4 in DMC/EC | 0.01–3.0 | 84.4/500/100 | [145] |
| Na2Ti2O5∙H2O/MoS2-C | 1M NaClO4 in DMC/EC/5 wt.% FEC | 0–3.0 | 201.1/16,000/8000 | [81] |
* Specific capacity (mAh g−1)/number of cycles/current density (mA g−1). a C rate.