Table 1.

Comparison of the present work with different methods for determination of Pb²⁺.

Methods	Detection Limit	Linear Range (M)	Ref.
ICP-MS	0.38 nM	-	[28]
ICP-AES	40 nM	-	[29]
Fluorescence	0.3 pM	1.0 × 10−12–3.0 × 10−6	[30]
Colorimetry	20 pM	5 ×10−11–5 × 10−9	[31]
SERS	8.9 pM	10−11–10−6	[32]
ASV	3.9 nM	2.4 × 10−10–2.9 × 10−7	[8]
DPV	0.51 fM	10−15–10−9	This work