Table 1.
Key pathways of epigenetic regulation.
Pathway | Mechanism of Action | Examples of Impacted Conditions |
---|---|---|
DNA Methylation | DNA–protein interactions | embryonic development; epigenetic inheritance; genomic stability; allele-specific expression; inactivation of the X chromosome; |
Histone Modifications | post-translational modifications of histone tails | gene expression; cell cycle regulation; DNA replication; DNA repair; chromatin structure |
ATP-Dependent Chromatin Modifications | chromatin remodeling complexes containing an ATPase domain | cell differentiation; gene expression; cell cycle regulation; DNA replication; DNA repair; chromatin structure |
Non-Coding RNA | RNA-targeting of CpG islands; small interfering RNAs | gene expression |