ALT	Alanine Aminotransferase
cccDNA	Covalently closed circular DNA
CDC	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
DCs	Dendritic cells
ddPCR	Droplet digital PCR
GWAS	Genome-wide association studies
HBc	Hepatitis B core protein
HBcAg	Hepatitis B core antigen
HBeAg	Hepatitis B e antigen
HBeAb	Hepatitis B e antibody
HBsAg	Hepatitis B surface antigen
HBsAb	Hepatitis B surface antibody
HBV	Hepatitis B Virus
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
HCV	Hepatitis C Virus
HEV	Hepatitis E Virus
HIV	Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HPgV (GBV-C/HGV)	Human Pegivirus (GB virus C/Hepatitis G virus)
IgM	Immunoglobulin M
IgG	Immunoglobulin G
MENA	Middle East and North Africa
OBI	Occult hepatitis B virus infection
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
PD-1	programmed death-1
Th1	T-helper 1 cells
Th2	T-helper 2 cells
TLR	Toll-like receptors
TTV	Torque Teno Virus
WHO	World Health Organization