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. 2019 May 1;8(2):59. doi: 10.3390/pathogens8020059

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Differential release of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines by neutrophils when challenge with three oral bacteria. Neutrophils were unstimulated (basal), challenged with P. gingivalis (Pg), P. stomatis (Ps), or F. alocis (Fa) at MOI 10. Bacteria- and cell- free supernatants were collected after 24 h and cytokine levels measured by ELISA or Milliplex Luminex. (A) Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of TNFα release from 5 independent experiments. (B) Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of IL-1β release from 5 independent experiments. (C) Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of IL-1ra release from 6 independent experiments.* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns = non-significant.