Table 1.
Estimated regression parameters, SEs, Z scores, and p values for generalised linear mixed models
| Estimate | SE | Z score | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model: MDR carriage in all isolates | ||||
| Intercept | 0·030 | 0·102 | 0·296 | 0·77 |
| Environment | 0·322 | 0·165 | 1·954 | 0·051 |
| Human | 0·662 | 0·155 | 4·273 | <0·0001 |
| Livestock | 0·284 | 0·128 | 2·222 | 0·026 |
| MEM1 | 0·148 | 0·067 | 2·225 | 0·026 |
| MEM2 | −0·118 | 0·066 | −1·781 | 0·075 |
| MEM5 | −0·130 | 0·063 | −2·072 | 0·038 |
| Model: antibiogram length of all isolates | ||||
| Intercept | 1·095 | 0·031 | 35·8 | <0·0001 |
| Environment | 0·107 | 0·044 | 2·42 | 0·015 |
| Human | 0·199 | 0·040 | 4·94 | <0·0001 |
| Livestock | 0·070 | 0·036 | 1·96 | 0·049 |
| MEM1 | 0·070 | 0·021 | 3·31 | 0·00093 |
| MEM2 | −0·042 | 0·020 | −2·04 | 0·041 |
| MEM5 | −0·049 | 0·019 | −2·60 | 0·0095 |
SE=standard error. MDR=multidrug resistance. MEM1, MEM2, and MEM5 indicate the spatial scales across which variation in MDR carriage or antibiogram length occurs.