Table 7.
Best efficiencies reported with gel electrolytes.
| Electrolyte Composition | Redox Species | Dye | Long Term Stability | PCE (%) | ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermoplastic (TPPE) | |||||
| PVDF-HFP | I−/I3− | PREDCN2 | 1000 h at room temperature under 1 sun | 10.37 | [240] |
| PVDF-HFP/MPN | TEMPO | MD-153 | N/A | 10.10 | [245] |
| PVDF-HFP/ACN | [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ | MK2 | 700 h under 1 sun | 8.70 | [244] |
| PEO/PVDF/MPN | I−/I3− | N719 | 500 h at 60 °C in the dark | 8.32 | [205] |
| PEG/PC | I−/I3− | N719 | 60 days under ambient conditions | 7.22 | [212] |
| PEO/urea | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 6.82 | [235] |
| PEO | I−/I3− | N3 | 7 days under ambient conditions (unsealed cells) | 6.12 | [234] |
| Thermosetting (TSPE) | |||||
| MMA-HDDA | I−/I3− | N719 | 600 h at 60 °C in the dark | 10.60 | [259] |
| POE-PAI | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 9.48 | [257] |
| PVA-co-MMA/ACN | I−/I3− | N719 | 1000 h at 30 °C under 1 sun | 9.10 | [209] |
| PVA-co-MMA/MPN | I−/I3− | N719 | 1000 h at 30 °C under 1 sun | 8.61 | [209] |
| PVDF-HFP | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 8.35 | [258] |
| PAMAM-PEO with iodide groups | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 7.72 | [247] |
| BEMA-PEGMA | [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ | LEG4 | 1500 h at 60 °C under dark followed by more 300 h at 40 °C under 1 sun | 6.40 | [252] |
| Composite polymer electrolytes | |||||
| PVDF-HFP/PEO/SiO2/EC/PC | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 9.44 | [266] |
| PVA-co-MMA/TiO2/ACN | I−/I3− | N719 | 1000 h at 30 °C under 1 sun | 9.40 | [209] |
| PEO/TiO2 | I−/I3− | N719 | 300 h at 60 °C under 1 sun | 9.20 | [206] |
| PAA/PEG/Graphene | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 9.10 | [274] |
| PVA-co-MMA/TiO2/MPN | I−/I3− | N719 | 1000 h at 30 °C under 1 sun | 8.98 | [209] |
| PEO/PVDF/TiO2 | I−/I3− | N719 | 500 h at 60 °C in the dark | 8.91 | [205] |
| PAN/CNT | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 8.87 | [285] |
| PEO/PVDF/GOS | I−/I3− | N719 | 500 h at 60 °C under dark | 8.78 | [208] |
| PAN/EC/PC/Ac. carbon | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 8.42 | [271] |
| PAA/PEG/PEDOT-graphene/PtCo | I−/I3− | N719 | 15 days | 8.20 | [286] |
| PAN/EC/PC/SiO2 | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 7.51 | [271] |
| GO/ACN | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 7.50 | [273] |
| POEM/MWCNT/ PVDF-HFP |
I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 6.86 | [272] |
| SiO2 | [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ | D35 | N/A | 2.60 | [267] |
| Quasi-solid ionic liquid electrolytes | |||||
| Phtaloychitosan/PEO/ TPAI/BMII |
I−/I3− | N3 | N/A | 9.61 | [282] |
| Hydrotalcite nanoclay/PMII | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 9.60 | [283] |
| PVDF-HFP/BIm | I−/I3− | N719 | 1500 h | 9.26 | [287] |
| POEI-IS | SeCN−/(SeCN)3− | TA | 1000 h | 8.18 | [288] |
| ExMMT/PMII | I−/I3− | N3 | N/A | 7.77 | [284] |
| Al2O3/MPII | I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 7.60 | [280] |
| HPC/MPII | I−/I3− | N719 | Outdoor conditions 600 h | 7.44 | [289] |
| PEO/PEGDME/ PMImI/TiO2 |
I−/I3− | N719 | N/A | 7.20 | [281] |
| SiO2/MPII | I−/I3− | Z907 | N/A | 7.00 | [278] |
| PVDF-HFP/MPII | I−/I3− | Z907 | N/A | 5.30 | [279] |