Table 2.
Compounds isolated from Litsea cubeba and their properties.
| Compounds | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Alkaloids | ||
| (–)-8-O-Methyloblongine; (–)-Litcubine; (–)-Litcubinine; (–)-Magnocurarine; (–)-Oblongine; (+)-Isoboldine β-N-oxide;(+)-8-Methoxyisolaurenine-N-oxide; (+)-N-(Methoxycarbonyl)-N-(norboldine/norglaucine/norlauroscholtzine/norglaucine/norbulbodione/nordicentrin/norisocorydione/norpredicentrine); Actinodaphnine; Isoboldine; Atheroline; Boldine; Cassameridine; Cassythicine; Coclaurine; Corydine; Corytuberine; Dicentrine; Dicentrinone; Glaucine; Glaziovine; Isocorydine; Isodomesticine; Juziphine; Laetanine; Laetine; Lancifoliaine; Laurelliptine; Laurolitsine; Laurotetanine; Lindcarpine; Litebamine; Litsedine; Litseferine; Litseglutine B; Magnoflorine; N,O-Dimethylharnovine; N-Acetyllaurolitsine; N-Allyllaurolitsine; N-Methylcoclaurine; N-Methyllaurotetanine; N-Methyllindcarpine; Norcorydine; Nordicentrine; Norisoboldine; Norisocorydine; Norjuziphine; Oxoushinsunine; Pallidine; Phanostenine; Predicentrine; Reticuline; Sebiferine; Ushinsunine; Xanthoplanine; Butanolides and Butenolactone | Antioxidant, antiplatelet, antitumor, anticonvulsant, and antiplasmodial effects | [12,13,66,67,68,69] |
| Monoterpenes | ||
| Camphene; Bornylacetate; DL-Carvone; 1,8-Cineole; Citronellal; Citronellol; p-Cymene; Geranial; Geranyl acetate; Geraniol; Limonene; Linalool; β-Myrcene; Neral; Nerol; Neryl acetate; (E)-β-Ocimene; (Z)-β-Ocimene; β-Phellandrene; α-Pinene; β-Pinene; α-a-Isopulegol; Sabinene; cis-Sabinene hydrate; α-Terpineol; Terpinen-4-ol; Terpinolene; α-Terpinylacetate; Litseacubebic acid | Antibacterial activity | [29,62,70] |
| Sesquiterpenes | ||
| α-Amorphene; Aphanamol II; Aromadendrene; Bulnesol; α-Cadinene; β-Cadinene; γ-Cadinene; δ-Cadinene; α-Cadinol; β-Caryophyllene; Chromolaevanedione; α-Copaene; Isocurcumol; Elemol; β-Elemene; γ-Elemene; α-Eudesmol; β-Eudesmol; γ-Eudesmol; Germacrene; α-Humulene; Humulene oxide; Indonesiol; Ledene | Defensive roles | [29,71,72,73] |
| Diterpenes | ||
| Cubelin ((þ)-6-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentenoyl)-4,6-dimethyl-5-(3-methyl 2-butenyl)-1,3-cyclohexadienecarbaldehyde);trans-Phytol | Antioxidative, antifungal, antiasthmatic, anti-anaphylactic properties | [74,75,76] |
| Flavonoids | ||
| Flavones; flavanols; flavanones; flavanonols; anthocyanidins; chalcones; flavan-3-ols | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities | [11,77,78,79] |
| Amides | ||
| cis-N-Feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine; N-Feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine; 3-Methoxy-N-sinapoyltyramine; N-trans-3,4-methylenecinnamoyl-3-methoxytyramine; Cubebamine A; 1,2-dihydro-6,8-dimethoxy-7-1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N1,N2-bis-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-2,3-naphthalene dicarboxamide; N-cis-3,4-methylenedioxycinnamoyl-3-methoxytyramine | Anticancer effects | [6,68,80,81] |
| Lignans | ||
| Eugenol; syringaresinol; 9,9′-O-di-(E)-feruloyl-(+)-secoisolariciresinol; 9,9′-O-di-(E)-feruloyl-5,5′-(+)-dimethoxysecoisolariciresinol; balanophonin B; (+)-medioresinol; Lancifolin A; cyclolignan; Dehydrodieugenol; Dehydrodiisougenol; Grandisin; (+)-Eudesmin; (+)-Epiexcelsin; Biseugenol A, B; syringaresinol; Glochidioboside | Antioxidant and anticancer effects | [80,82] |
| Steroids | ||
| β-sitostenone; Daucosterol; β-Sitosterol; Sepesteonol, 5,6-Epoxystigmastan-3-ol; Stigmasterol; 6-O-Palmitoyl-β-sitosteryl-D-glucoside | [6,83] | |
| Fatty acids | ||
| Capric acid; cis-Dec-4-enoic acid; cis-Dodec-4-enoic acid (Linderic acid); cis-Tetradec-4-enoic acid (Tsuzuic acid); Hexadecenoic acid; Lignoceric acid; Lauric acid; Linoleic acid; Myristic acid; Oleic acid; Palmitic acid; Ethyl palmitate; Stearic acid; Ethyl stearate; Litseacubebic acid; 2,6-Dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2E,4E-hepta-2,4-dienal; 6,7-Dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-oct-2-enoic acid | Antidiabetic effects | [62,81,84] |