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. 2019 Apr 8;5(2):33. doi: 10.3390/ncrna5020033

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Myoparr knockdown activated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling through the expression of growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) in denervated TA muscles of C57BL/6J mice. (a) Western blot showing increased expression of GDF5 by Myoparr knockdown in TA muscles 3 d post denervation. The activity of BMP signaling was indicated by the levels of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 (pSmad1/5/8). GAPDH expression served as an internal control. Three independent experiments were shown. (b) Box-and-whisker plots showed relative quantification of GDF5 expression as GDF5/GAPDH ratio (n = 3 per group). * p < 0.05, unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. (c) Relative quantification of the activity of BMP signaling was shown as pSmad1/5/8/Smad5 ratio (n = 3 per group).