Table 11.

Optimized lyophilization cycle.

Thermal Treatment				Primary Drying
Step	Temperature (°C)	Time (min)	Ramp(R)/Hold (H)	Step	Temperature (°C)	Time (min)	Ramp(R)/Hold (H)
Shelf Load Temp 5 °C
1	5	30	R	1	−20	120	R
2	−15	30	R	2	−20	1200	H
3	−15	120	H	3	0	180	R
4	−40	60	R	4	0	300	H
5	−40	300	H	5	10	60	R
				6	10	240	H
				7	30	60	R
				8	30	180	H
				Secondary drying	30	120	H