Table 1.
Various biomarker analytes in the brain tissue for adult zebrafish are exposed to low and high doses of Fe3O4 MNPs. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and later subjected to post hoc significance analysis by using Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.
| Biomarker | WT | MNP (1 ppm) | – | MNP (10 ppm) | – | Unit | Significance | ANOVA F (2,6) Value | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferric ion | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | ns | 0.04 ± 0.01 | ns | pg/ug of total protein | NO | 1.04 | 0.4107 |
| Metallothionein | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.32 ± 0.06 | ns | 0.27 ± 0.05 | ns | pg/ug of total protein | NO | 0.26 | 0.7737 |
| ROS | 86.19 ± 23.91 | 97.30 ± 16.03 | ns | 69.03 ± 18.82 | ns | nmol/ug of total protein | NO | 0.51 | 0.6220 |
| Catalase | 3.85 ± 0.46 | 5.17 ± 1.13 | ns | 9.35 ± 1.63 | * | U/ug of total protein | YES | 5.91 | 0.0380 |
| TBARS | 46.19 ± 15.77 | 41.76 ± 6.76 | ns | 34.15 ± 7.35 | ns | ng/ug of total protein | NO | 0.31 | 0.7383 |
| ssDNA | 2.06 ± 0.35 | 2.11 ± 0.24 | ns | 3.21 ± 0.20 | * | U/ug of total protein | YES | 5.56 | 0.042 |
| ATP | 240.70 ± 62.62 | 383.00 ± 108.50 | ns | 355.50 ± 84.78 | ns | pg/ug of total protein | NO | 0.74 | 0.5132 |
| Creatine Kinase | 10.30 ± 2.37 | 11.59 ± 2.13 | ns | 10.59 ± 3.10 | ns | pg/ug of total protein | NO | 0.06 | 0.9342 |
| Hif-1α | 34.20 ± 7.35 | 37.29 ± 6.06 | ns | 19.60 ± 0.10 | ns | pg/ug of total protein | NO | 2.94 | 0.1284 |
| Cortisol | 18.34 ± 1.30 | 19.42 ± 0.53 | ns | 37.15 ± 4.13 | ** | pg/ug of total protein | YES | 17.42 | 0.0032 |
| Catecholamine | 10.33 ± 2.24 | 17.44 ± 2.73 | ns | 11.73 ± 1.39 | ns | ng/ug of total protein | NO | 2.94 | 0.1283 |
| Acetylcholine esterase | 43.35 ± 5.17 | 22.36 ± 5.84 | * | 18.95 ± 4.41 | * | U/ug of total protein | YES | 6.51 | 0.0313 |
| Acetylcholine | 19.60 ± 3.55 | 22.55 ± 0.70 | ns | 33.07 ± 1.86 | * | U/ug of total protein | YES | 9.06 | 0.0154 |
| Dopamine | 105.90 ± 14.10 | 97.79 ± 3.40 | ns | 55.26 ± 6.35 | * | pg/ug of total protein | YES | 8.84 | 0.0163 |
| GABA | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.04 | ns | 0.08 ± 0.01 | ns | U/ug of total protein | NO | 1.08 | 0.3962 |
| 5-HT | 1.39 ± 0.17 | 1.21 ± 0.03 | ns | 0.64 ± 0.17 | * | ng/ug of total protein | YES | 7.29 | 0.0247 |
| Melatonin | 36.32 ± 10.99 | 33.61 ± 4.73 | ns | 34.20 ± 5.60 | ns | pg/ug of total protein | NO | 0.03 | 0.9660 |
ns: no significance. The data are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. and significance were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.