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. 2019 Jun 12;10(6):392. doi: 10.3390/mi10060392

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Immuno-affinity-based exosome separation. (a) The ExoChip and its operation procedure used for exosomes’ isolation and analysis, consisting of eight equally spaced circular chambers connected through a wide channel, allowing its use for analyzing multiple samples simultaneously. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based working prototype ExoChip (with three channels) depicts the flow of serum for exosomes’ capture in a typical experimental setup [99], [reproduced with permission from [99], © 2014 Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)]. (b) The nano-interfaced microfluidic exosome platform (Nano-IMEX). Schematic of a single-channel PDMS/glass device, with the exploded-view highlighting the coated PDMS chip containing an array of Y-shaped micro-posts. The surface of the channel and micro-posts are coated with graphene oxide and polydopamine as a nanostructured interface for the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) of exosomes with enzymatic fluorescence signal amplification [100] (reproduced with permission from [100], © 2016 RSC). (c) The ExoSearch platform. A robust, continuous-flow platform providing the enriched preparation of blood plasma exosomes for in situ, multiplexed detection using immunomagnetic beads for the quantitative isolation and release of exosomes [101] (reproduced with permission from [101], © 2016 RSC).