Figure 6.

Piperlongumine and doxorubicin synergistically suppress xenograft tumor growth of TNBC cells. (A) Female nude mice were injected with 5 × 10⁶ MDA-MB-231 cells in the right mammary gland and were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6 per group) when the tumor volume reached 50 mm³. Nude mice were then treated with DMSO, PL, DOX, or with a combination via i.p. injections every other day. (B) All nude mice were sacrificed on day 22 after treatment, and tumors were collected and recorded. (C) Each tumor collected from nude mice was weighed and analyzed. (D) Treatment with PL and DOX or a combination did not show a significant effect on mouse body weight. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to the compared group.