Bowler, R.P. et al. (2015) [15] |
129 current and former smokers from the COPD Gene cohort |
Plasma/HPLC-MS |
Trihexosylceramides, Dihexosylceramides, Sulfatide d18.1. N16.0, Ganglioside GD1.d18.1. N16.0 (COPD exacerbations) |
Ceramide, Sphingomyelin, Ganglioside, GM3, Sphingomyelin (Emphysema) Sphingomyelin, S1P (COPD exacerbations) |
Kilk, K. et al. (2018) [4] |
COPD patients (n = 25) and control individuals (n = 21) |
Serum/HPLC-MS |
LysoPC |
SM, Hydroxylated SM, Arginine, Proline |
Navarrete, A. et al. (2017) [20] |
Control group and CS-exposed group without (n = 6, n = 10) or with (n = 10, n = 8) LGF treatment |
Plasma/LC-QTOF-MS |
Lysophosphatidylcholines, Mandelic acid, Hydroxymethylbenzoic acid (Before therapy), Sphingosine, Sphingosine 1-phosphate, Lysophospholipids (After LGF therapy) |
Phenylalanine, Sphingosine 1-phosphate Sphingosine, Hydroxylysine, Dodecenoic acid, Oxo-methylthiobutanoic acid, (Before therapy) |
Brajesh, S. et al. (2017) [21] |
COPD patients receiving standard therapy (n = 40) and combination of doxycycline and standard therapy (n = 60) |
Serum/NMR |
Formate, Citrate, Imidazole, L-arginine (After doxycycline therapy compared with Pre-treatment group) |
Lactate, Fatty acid (After doxycycline therapy compared with Pre-treatment group) |
Ubhi, B. K. et al. (2012) [6] |
Controls (n = 66) and GOLD stage II (n = 70), III (n = 64) and IV (n = 44) COPD patients |
Serum/NMR LC-MS/MS |
Glutamine, Phenylalanine, 3-methylhistidine, Ketone bodies |
Lipoproteins, BCAAs, Glycine, Creatine, N, N-dimethylglycine |
Ubhi, B. K. et al. (2012) [25] |
GOLD IV patients (n = 30) and controls (n = 30) |
Serum/LC-MS/MS |
Glutamine, Aspartate, Arginine |
Aminoadipate |
Novotna, B. et al. (2018) [30] |
COPD patients (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 10) |
Blood/HPLC-MS/MS |
Carnitine, Phenylalanine/Tyrosine |
Alanine, Phenylalanine, Pyroglutamate Free Carnitine/Acylcarnitine |
Ren, X. et al. (2016) [10] |
SD male rats include control, model, dexamethasone and bergenin groups, with 10 rats in each group |
Serum/NMR |
Isobutyrate, Acetone, Acetoacetate, Pyruvate, Glycine, Glycerol, Threonine (Before therapy). Glutamine, Glucose (After dexamethasone therapy). Glutamine (After bergenin therapy) |
Isoleucine, Leucine, Valine, Lactate, Alanine, Proline, Glutamine, Glutamate, Creatine phosphate, Glucose, Serine (Before therapy). Pyruvate, Glycine, Threonine (After dexamethasone therapy). Pyruvate, Glycine, Threonine (After bergenin therapy) |
Cruickshank-Quinn, C. I. et al. (2014) [26] |
DBA/2J mice included controls group (n = 3), CS- exposed group for different time |
Plasma/LC-MS |
Homocitrulline, Arginine, Phenylacetylglycine, PI (36:2), PS (28:2), TG, Adenosine, AMP, Hypoxanthine |
Glycerophospholipids, Glycerolipids, Pregnanetriol, Pentadecanoylglycine |
Ren, X. et al. (2016) [3] |
40, 60, and 80% TS groups of rats (n = 6) and control group of rats (n = 6) |
Serum/LC-MS |
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine, Lysophosphatidic acid (18:1), Docosahexaenoic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5′-carboxy-γ-tocopherol |
4-imidazolone-5-propionic acid, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, Uridine |
Hodgson, S. et al. (2017) [28] |
HIV-associated COPD patients (n = 38), controls (n = 38) |
Plasma/LC-MS/MS |
Kynurenine/Tryptophan ratio, Ceramide, Fatty acids |
Diacylglycero |
De Benedetto, F. et al. (2018) [22] |
90 COPD patients received supplementation with QTer® and Creatine or placebo |
Plasma/LC-MS |
SM (OH) C16:1, SM C18:0 (supplementation with placebo) Lysophosphatidylcholine (Supplementation with QTer® and Creatine) |
Phosphatidylcholine, Sphingomyelins (Supplementation with QTer® and Creatine) |
Rodríguez et al. (2011) [23] |
the effects of exercise on COPD patients (n = 18), healthy subjects (n = 12) |
Plasma/NMR |
glutamine, tyrosine, alanine, valine and isoleucine, creatine, creatinine, citrate and glucose (healthy subjects after training) |
lactate, succinate and pyruvate (healthy subjects after training) lactate (COPD patients after training) |
Wang, C. et al. (2017) [2] |
Stable COPD patients with phenotype E (n = 22) and phenotype M (n = 28) |
Serum/NMR |
ADP, Guanosine, Choline, Glycine, Proline, Tyrosine, L-alanine, L-valine, Leucine (E and M) L-threonine, (E), Malonate (M) |
Acetone, Lactate (E and M) Pyruvic acid(E), Uridine(M) |
Tan, L.C. et al. (2018) [18] |
COPD patients with phenotype E (n = 20) and phenotype M (n = 24) |
Serum/NMR |
Fructose, Glycine, Pyruvic acid, Pyruvate, Proline, Acetone, Lipid CH2CH2CO, Threonine, Lsopropyl alcohol (E and M), Lactate, Creatine, Citric acid, L-glutamine, Maltose Ornithine, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, L-threonine, L-valine, Glutamic acid, β-alanine, Betaine, Cyclopentane (E); N-acetylcysteine (M) |
Asparagine, pyridoxine(E) Ornithine, Guanosine, Lipoprotein(M) |
Chen, Q. et al. (2015) [8] |
Healthy smokers (n = 37), COPD smokers (n = 41) and non-smokers (n = 37) |
Serum/LC-MS |
Fibrinogen peptide B, Myoinositol, Dimethyluric acid, N-methylnicotinate, Cysteinsulfonic acid, Glycerophosphoinositol, Phosphatidylinositol (40:7), Creatinine |
Several hydrophobic unknowns (with chromatographic retention time consistent with fatty acids and lipids) |
Deja, S. et al. (2014) [11] |
COPD patients (n = 22) and lung cancer (TNM stages I, II, III, and IV) patients (n = 77) |
Serum/NMR |
N-acetylated, Glycoproteins, Leucine, Lysine, Mannose, Choline, Lipid (CH3 (CH2) n) (lung cancer compared with COPD) |
Acetate, Citrate, Methanol (lung cancer compared with COPD) |
Fortis, S. et al. (2017) [31] |
Stable COPD patients and acute respiratory failure patients caused by COPD exacerbation, pneumonia or heart failure |
Serum Urine/NMR |
Glutamine, Formate, Alanine, Proline, Histidine, Creatine, Phosphate (Serum); Cis-aconitate, Oxoglutarate (Urine, stable COPD compared with acute respiratory failure) |
Mannitol, Citrate (Serum); Furoylglycine, N-oxide, Methyl-2-oxovalerate, Niacinamide Nicotinamide, (Urine, stable COPD compared with acute respiratory failure) |
Naz, S. et al. (2017) [29] |
Healthy, smokers and smokers with COPD |
Serum/LC–MS |
Asymmetric, Asymmetric/symmetric dimethylarginine, Fatty acid, Sphingolipid pathways (female); cAMP signaling (male) |
Acetyl–ornithine/Ornithine, Arginine/(citrulline+ornithine) (female) |
Wang, L. et al. (2013) [9] |
COPD patients (n = 32) and healthy controls (n = 21) |
Urine/NMR |
Acetate, Ketone bodies, Pyruvate, Carnosine, M-hydroxyphenylacetate, Phenylacetyglycine, |
1-methylnicotinamide, Creatinine, Lactate |
Huang, Q. et al. (2018) [34] |
41 Chinese elderly participants including COPD patients and their healthy spouses |
Urine/ICP-MS |
N-formyl-l-methionine, CPA, Decanoylcarnitine, L-histidine, Spermine, Acetylcarnosine, L-octanoylcarnitine, D-glucose (COPD) Indolelactic acid, 5-phosphoribosylamine (PM2.5 exposure) |
Suberylglycine, 3-dehydrocarnitine (COPD), Uric acid, Glyceric acid, 1,3-biphosphate, Methyluric acid, 4-pyridoxic acid, Dopamine 4-sulfate, (PM2.5 exposure) |
Airoldi, C. et al. (2016) [38] |
ZZ-α1-antitrypsin deficient COPD patients (n = 11) and healthy controls (n = 11) |
EBC/NMR |
Acetate, 2,3-butanediol propionic acid, Lactate, Butyrate acetone, Benzoate, fatty acid, Formate, Alanine, Ethanol, Acetoin, Isopropanol acetoin, Propionate, Acetate |
No report |
Laurentiis, G. et al. (2013) [41] |
Healthy smokers (n = 20), COPD smokers (n = 15), PLCH patients (n = 15) |
EBC/NMR |
Acetate (COPD and PLCH) 2-propanol (COPD) Isobutyrate (PLCH) |
1-methylimidazole (COPD and PLCH) Isobutyrate (COPD) 2-propanol (PLCH) |
Ishikawa, S. et al. (2019) [46] |
3D bronchial tissue |
3D bronchial tissues/LC-MS/MS |
6-phosphogluconate, Erythrose 4-phosphate Ribose 5phosphate (R5P) |
Glucose 6-phosphate, Fructose 6-phosphate, Glutathione, Oxidized glutathione, ADP, ATP |
Li, J. et al. (2017) [47] |
COPD rats treated with normal saline (n = 10) and aminophylline (APL) (n = 10) |
Lung tissue/LC-QTOF/MS |
LTA4, 5-HETE, 20-OH-LTB4, LXA4, PGE2 (Before ALP therapy) |
LTA4, 5-HETE, LTB4, LXA4, PGE2 (After ALP therapy) |
Yang, L. et al. (2015) [48] |
SD rats included control group (n = 40), COPD group (n = 40), and BYF therapy group (n = 40) |
Lung tissue/HPLC-Q-TOF/MS |
Linoleic acid, Acetylcholine, Arachidonic acid, 2-methoxyestradiol 20-hydroxy-PGE2, 5-HEPE, 7-Oxo-11-dodecenoic acid, Acetyl-l-leucine (Before BYF therapy) Phenylpyruvic acid, Sphinganine PC (18:1) (After BYF therapy) |
Phenylpyruvic acid, Sphinganine PC (18:1) (Before BYF therapy) Linoleic acid, Acetylcholine, Arachidonic acid, 2-methoxyestradiol 20-hydroxy-PGE2, 5-HEPE, 7-Oxo-11-dodecenoic acid, Acetyl-l-leucine (After BYF therapy) |
Zhao, P. et al. (2017) [5] |
COPD rats treated with normal saline, BJF, and aminophylline |
Lung tissue/LC-MS |
Glutathione (After BJF therapy) |
Arachidonic acid, Linoleic acid, Glycerophospholipid (After BJF therapy) |
van der Doesa, A. M. (2018) [7] |
Smoking controls, COPD patients in a stable or acute exacerbation phase |
Sputum/LC-MS |
No report |
ALA, EPA, LA, HEPEs, HDHAs, HETEs, LTB4 |