Table 1.
List of glycoconjugated prodrugs.
| Aglycons | Conjugated Sugars | Response of Glycoconjugates Compared to Aglycon in In-Vitro or In-Vivo | Transportation Mode | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorambucil | Peracetylated 2-fluorodeoxyglucose | Human fibroblasts, MCF-7 (25-fold more active) and Mice (Increased in MTD) | - | [57] |
| Docetaxel | Glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose | B16 murine melanoma cells (3 to 18-fold more active) | - | [58] |
| Docetaxel | galactose | Syngeneic P388 murine leukemia tumor model (equivalent) | - | [59] |
| Paclitaxel | Glucose, glucuronic Acid | HUV-EC-C and CHO-K1, NCI-H838, Hep-3B, A498, MES-SA, HCT-116, NPC-TW01, MKN-45 (All less toxic) | Partially GLUT-1, /GLUT-3/GLUT-4 mediated | [48,60] |
| Chlorambucil | Amino derivatives of glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, lyxose, D-threoside | NCI-H460, A549, Du145, SKOV3, Hep3b, SF268, MCF7, HT29, HCT15, H1299 (induce decrease in cell growth) | - | [61] |
| Benzylguanine | Glucose | HeLa S3 and HeLa MR cells (inhibition of O6-methyl-guanine-DNA methyltransferase, MGMT) | - | [62] |
| Azomycin | Glucose | Several immortalized murine and human cancer cells (improved selectivity towards hypoxic tumor as radiosensitizer) | GLUTs mediated | [63] |
| Adriamycin | 2-amino-2-deoxy-glucose | MCF-7, Bel-7402, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, U87MG, HELF, SKOV3, and S180, HELF and mice (enhance selectivity towards cancer cells) | GLUTs mediated | [64] |
| Geldanamycin | Glucose, lactose, galactose | SW620, HT29, MCF7, K562 (one showed 3- to 40-fold enhanced activity with β-galactosidase) | - | [65] |
| Platinum | Glucose | DU145, RWPE2 | GLUTs mediated | [66] |
| Cadalene | Glucose, lactose, galactose | In vitro (less toxic) and in vivo (reduced tumor size) | - | [67] |
| Ketoprofen | Glucose | Cross blood−brain barrier (BBB) | GLUTs mediated | [68] |
| Nordihydroguaiaretic acid | Galactose, glucose | NCI/ADR-RES, Hep3B, MCF-7, HT-29 | - | [69] |