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. 2019 Jul 16;10:15. doi: 10.1186/s13227-019-0127-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Immunohistochemistry shows pattern of Hth expression in the butterfly wing is replicated by RNAseq analysis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of Homothorax in a proximal–distal gradient across the basal third of the Heliconius wing, in larvae (a–c) and pupae (d, e) of Heliconius butterflies. a–c Highlight three regions along the proximal–distal axis of the larval wing, showing coincident expression of Homothorax and its cofactor Extradenticle. d Homothorax expression in a region coincident with the expression of Optix in a dennis-ray butterfly, Heliconius elevatus. The same expression pattern of Hth is conserved in a red-banded butterfly (e), but is not associated with Optix expression. All Heliconius show Optix expression in the overlapping fore and hindwing region, associated with wing coupling scales as documented previously [36]. The expression profile observed in pupal wings here recapitulates the levels of hth transcript observed in the RNAseq analysis of all three species examined here (f)